Running Linux on ChromeOS in developer mode, it is simple to run xterm. I simply install it with apt and then execute it, and the window seamlessly opens on the ChromeOS desktop. What is not simple is pasting into that xterm.
Any ideas? At the moment, nothing appears to work.
Looking through man xterm in the section titled Default Key Bindings you can see what input events call the function insert-selection() which corresponds to "paste":
Shift <KeyPress> Insert:insert-selection(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
~Ctrl ~Meta <Btn2Up>:insert-selection(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
So there are 2 actions, keypress Insert with Shift, and mouse button 2 press (without Control nor Meta). There isn't an insert key on Chromebooks, and I don't get a paste action from any button clicks on the mousepad either.
What you can do is add your own overriding key binding. For example, to make Ctrl Shift V do a paste, run xterm from a shell script like this:
xterm -xrm '*VT100*translations: #override \n\
Ctrl Shift <Key>V: insert-selection(PRIMARY,CLIPBOARD) \n\
'
(The backslash is the last character on the line). See the same man page for Custom Key Bindings.